Digitization of Architectural Heritage Objects Using Photogrammetry: Sumy Region Case Study

Due to a full-scale russian aggression against Ukraine, the preservation of cultural heritage is becoming urgent, which necessitates the need for modern digital technologies for conservation and virtual 3D reconstruction of destroyed objects. The article aims to provide a virtual 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage objects using the application of photogrammetry. The results of the study allow for 3D modeling of the landscape of the Zelenyi Hai archaeological complex and lost cultural heritage objects in the Sumy Region. At the first stage of the research, archival sources were analyzed and digitized. Next, changes in relief, cartographic deformations, and spatial dynamics of the terrain were studied. The developed algorithm for overlaying maps with different degrees of accuracy (satellite images, orthophotomaps, etc.) ensured designing reliable digital fundamentals for further 3D reconstruction of destroyed objects. At the main stage of the research, a landscape in Zelenyi Hai and the Kondratiev Manor in Stare Selo were considered. The resulting 3D models open new opportunities for studying, preserving, and virtual 3D reconstructing of cultural heritage objects, especially in modern global challenges. To increase the accuracy of 3D reconstructions and detect hidden defects, integrating photogrammetry with other technologies (LiDAR, thermal imaging scanning, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality) was analyzed. Moreover, differences between photogrammetry for buildings and landscapes were also discussed.