Genome-wide identification, expression profile and selection analysis of the CPK gene family in Nelumbo nucifera

This study represents the first comprehensive investigation of lotus CPK genes at a genome-wide level, revealing their uneven distribution among eight chromosomes. The NnCPKs were categorized into five groups, and an in-depth analysis of their structure and organization was conducted. By comparing genomes, we gained a better understanding of gene functions based on their homologs. Furthermore, the expression profiles in different tissues and responses to abiotic stresses indicated that these genes may play significant roles in lotus growth and development. These findings provide a valuable foundation for future functional studies of lotus CPK genes to explore their biological effects.