Association of frailty with indoor air pollution among older adults and elderly population as per gender and age group: insights from Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-1st Wave)

Hence, a holistic approach is required for reducing IAP. This can be done by improving household infrastructure, raising awareness about the existing government scheme, promoting early screening for frailty, and enforcing stronger policies. Treating existing government programs like 'Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojna (PMUY)', 'Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)', 'Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana - Saubhagya', 'Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G)', National Clean Air Program (NCAP), The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) and the amended the 'Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2020 etc. as base and by addressing the gaps in accessibility and affordability and focusing on vulnerable populations, India can create wholesome living environments. Fostering long-term behavioural changes and implementing targeted interventions will lead the way for improved health and well-being for everyone.