The role of the DSM-5 maladaptive personality traits in adherence to sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep duration

Recent research explores the associations between maladaptive personality constructs proposed by the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) and general psychopathology whereas research on sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep duration is poor. This study first aimed to classify an adult population based on bedtime, mobile phone use before bedtime, and sleep duration. The second aim was to compare the AMPD trait domains including negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism across the derived clusters. The cross-sectional study consisted of 481 college students from the west of Iran (mean age of 27.7 ± 6.8 years; 69.4% female). Several single items plus the Brief Form of Personality Inventory for DSM-5 were used for data collection. A hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to determine latent categories, and the AMPD domain scores between the clusters were compared using multivariate analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The cluster analysis identified three categories containing a vulnerable group (poor sleep hygiene behaviors but sufficient sleep duration), an unhealthy group (poor sleep hygiene behaviors plus insufficient sleep duration), and a healthy group (good sleep hygiene behaviors plus sufficient sleep duration). The results showed that the clusters significantly differed in all trait domains (except for detachment) and the total average score with higher mean scores, especially for the unhealthy cluster. Our findings highlight the meaningful impact of maladaptive personality traits on unhealthy sleep hygiene behaviors and insufficient sleep. Preventive medicine can identify at-risk populations by screening for maladaptive personality in early adulthood.