Analysis on Bridge Collapse Incidents Caused by Earthquakes and Mitigation Strategies

In recent years, bridge collapses under the action of earthquakes occur frequently, resulting in huge personal and property losses, affecting traffic safety and economic development. Therefore, it is very important to study the causes and preventive measures of bridge collapse in earthquake. First of all, this paper analyzes the damage of the three main parts of the bridge structure: the superstructure, the substructure and the bearing under the earthquake. Then, the technology of using shape memory alloy (SMA) to enhance the seismic performance of bridge piers is discussed, and a new system to prevent displacement through concrete and steel cable limiter is introduced. Finally, the typical cases of bridge collapse, including the earthquake damage of Xiaoshan Bridge and Fukae Bridge, are analyzed, and the suggestions of seismic design and structural health monitoring (SHM) are put forward. The research results show that the impact of earthquake on the bridge is multifaceted, and the overall performance of the bridge structure must be enhanced by the synergistic action of various components. The research of this paper is of great significance to improve the seismic design and disaster reduction ability of bridge engineering.