Analyzing the ecologicality and functionality of kiln architecture in China through KH coder data mining algorithm and hierarchical event coding

Recent studies focused on the ecological characteristics, heritage conservation, and economic benefits of kiln architecture, with most studies emphasizing structural analysis while neglecting the interaction mechanisms between architecture and ecological environment. Based on constructing ecologicality-architecture-cultural resilience theory, this study analyzes the structural features, ecological technologies, and conservation status of kiln architecture across various regions in China through KH Coder data mining and hierarchical event coding method and proposes a new protective framework. Findings: (1) Kiln architecture has evolved from built-against-the-mountain to semi-buried, fully-buried, reinforced earth-covered, and independent forms, as functional demands have changed from hazard avoidance to climate adaptability, functional expansion, and energy-saving design; (2) Climate, topography, and soil conditions are key factors driving the emergence of built-against-the-mountain, along-the-valley, sunken courtyard, and independent kiln architecture types; (3) Geological characteristics and material availability significantly shape the vaulted structural features of kiln architecture across different regions. Cultural archaeology and technological advancement have formed the main trajectory of cave dwelling environment development, promoting functional transformation and ecological planning. Meanwhile, political-oriented have acted as a secondary trajectory, advancing the standardization of construction techniques. The results confirm the decisive role of the natural environment in shaping the forms and variations of kiln architecture.