Graphene Oxide-based Adsorbents for Pb(II) Removing in Water: Progresses on Synthesis, Performance and Mechanism

Pb(II) pollution in water constitutes a serious form of heavy metal pollution that endangers both the ecological environment and human health.As an effective sewage treatment technology, adsorption has been considered an economic and common method because of low cost, environmental friendliness and simple operation.Graphene oxide (GO), an innovative material with superior properties, has garnered extensive research as an ideal adsorbent.Nonetheless, GO faces many challenges in practical applications due to limited surface functional groups, suboptimal adsorption selectivity, and poor regenerative properties.Current research focuses on developing various modification strategies to enhance the adsorption performance of GO.In this paper, the modification methods of GO and adsorption mechanisms are reviewed.Firstly, three strategies for improving Pb(II) adsorption properties of GO-based materials are discussed, including N/S functionalization, morphological alteration and magnetization.The adsorption properties of GO-based adsorbents are evaluated, covering adsorption capacity, adsorption selectivity, regeneration, and other performance metrics.Subsequently, the adsorption mechanisms of Pb() by GO-based adsorbents such as physical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation are summarized, which are essential for the development of highly efficient GO-modified materials.Finally, the future development of adsorption of GO-based materials for Pb(II) is prospected.This review provides novel insights for rational design of emerging GO-based adsorbents and serve as a reference foundation for research and application of GO-modified materials in Pb(II) treatment.