Management of Infections with Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) After Lipofilling: A Case Report and Literature Review

Infections with atypical mycobacteria are rare but pose considerable diagnostic challenges and potential morbidity.We present a case of Mycobacterium chelonae infection following microsurgical breast reconstruction, combined with liposuction and lipofilling, along with a review of the current literature.The diagnosis was delayed due to difficulties in confirmation, leading to prolonged treatment.A typical indicator is the lack of improvement after empirical antibiotic therapy.Diagnosis was confirmed by cultures and specific PCR for nontuberculous mycobacteria after 8 weeks.Staged, limited debridement and prolonged antibiotic combination therapy resulted in eradication, although sequelae remain to be addressed.