An investigation into the biomechanical effects of tibial vertical cutting errors on the proximal tibia after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and the improvement of cutting planes

Tibial vertical cutting error is a significant risk factor for periprosthetic fractures and pain after UKA. The greater the vertical cutting error, the faster the fracture risk and bone degeneration progress. Specifically, when the vertical cutting error exceeds 5 mm, the fracture risk increases significantly. The surface modification design proposed in this study effectively mitigates the negative biomechanical effects of cutting errors on the tibia and reduces the risk of postoperative complications. Future research should further explore the impact of other factors, such as osteoporosis, activity level, and muscle strength, on UKA outcomes, and incorporate advanced surgical navigation technologies to improve surgical precision and reduce errors.