Animal welfare in dog-assisted services: Perception of professionals in Germany

Abstract Using a questionnaire and open questions, with the data compiled in SPSS and MS Excel, this study analyzes the perception, significance, and understanding of animal welfare in dogs in animal-assisted services from the perspective of animal-assisted professionals in Germany. The general findings show that the professionals attach great importance to animal welfare in animal-assisted services and ensure this by paying attention to the physiological and psychological needs of their dogs by observing their body language. Their replies about knowledge can be linked to ethological research. Inductive categories from analyzing the open questions offer inductive categories like expressions, physical or body symptoms, posture and body movements, restlessness or nervousness, contact with caregivers, refusal of food, withdrawal or leaving the situation, and vocalization. The results indicate the necessity of noticing the potential suffering or pain signals of dogs in animal-assisted services. Recognition of and reflection on these aspects ensures animal welfare and well-being.