EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HERBAL TREATMENT TO ALLEVIATE THE INSOMNIA

Background: Sleep is a complex physiological state regulated by intricate interactions among brain regions, neurotransmitters, and hormonal pathways. Insomnia, one of the most prevalent sleep-related disorders, affects up to 30% of the global population and is strongly associated with chronic medical conditions, psychiatric disorders, and significant reductions in quality of life. Its increasing prevalence among adults, particularly those aged 19–44 years, poses a major public health concern due to its linkage with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and impaired productivity. In response to the limitations and side effects associated with pharmacological treatments, there is growing interest in herbal medicine, with the World Health Organization reporting that 80% of the world’s population relies on herbs for primary healthcare. Objective: This narrative review aims to explore the effectiveness of herbal treatments in alleviating insomnia, highlighting their mechanisms of action, safety, and clinical relevance as alternative or complementary therapeutic options. Main Discussion Points: The review discusses the classification of sleep stages, hormonal regulation of sleep, types and causes of insomnia, and the therapeutic potential of herbs such as valerian root, chamomile, and St. John’s Wort. These herbs exert sedative and anxiolytic effects by modulating neurotransmitter systems, including GABA and serotonin. Evidence suggests that, when used appropriately, these agents are well-tolerated and can improve sleep latency and quality. Conclusion: Herbal treatments present a viable, low-risk option for managing insomnia and related sleep disorders. However, further high-quality research is essential to establish standardized dosages, long-term safety, and clinical efficacy.