Trends and challenges in personalizing learning content for students using artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence-based solutions are widely used in different areas. With the advent of chatGPT, education has faced many challenges, such as student cheating by generating text in various practical and assessment tasks. As the number of large language models increases, it becomes difficult to control their use, and their capabilities increase over time as well. However, large language models do not only provide a negative aspect, but when used properly, they can be applied to useful and meaningful solutions. One of these is the personalization of learning, which would help to direct learning to the right needs without much human intervention, for example, when there are certain difficulties, knowledge gaps or lack of motivation. This manuscript, using a systematic analysis of the scientific literature, reviews technological solutions that are already currently used in personalizing learning. It also reviews the latest trends and challenges that would allow this area to be raised to a higher level.