The Significance of Inflammatory Markers in Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis Presenting to the Emergency Department

<b>Background:</b> Considerable mortality and morbidity rates linked to AGE are well documented in the literature. Many inflammatory markers have been studied in the context of research on AGE as tools to predict the clinical course of the disease and determine the need for the use of antimicrobials. This study focuses on CRP, PCT, and WBC counts as inflammatory markers of AGE. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective chart review study was conducted at King Abdullah Specialized Children's Hospital, Jeddah. Using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique, all patients under the age of 14 diagnosed with gastroenteritis over four years (2020-2024) were included. <b>Results:</b> The sample population consisted of 84 individuals. Pathogen prevalence was identified in only 15%. <i>Salmonella</i> was the most frequently identified bacterial pathogen. While the WBC count and ESR were reassuring in most cases, the CRP and PCT measurements were almost always elevated. Compared to the stronger association observed with WBC counts, the correlation between PCT levels and ED visits were less significant. Higher CRP levels were associated with an increased use of antibiotics. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of this study highlight that CRP is useful in identifying patients who are likely to have bacterial AGE and require antibiotics. Moreover, the WBC count is a helpful tool in predicting those likely to present to the ED again.