Extracellular vesicles in cancer immunotherapy: Therapeutic, challenges and clinical progress
Cancer is a major global concern due to its high mortality rate. Tumor immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, low response rates and immune-related complications remain challenges. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, have emerged as promising therapeutic tools for various pathological conditions, especially cancer. Evidence indicates that changes in the quantity and composition of EVs can influence the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, potentially affecting the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Exploiting EVs for immune sensitization has generated significant clinical interest. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the origin of EVs, their therapeutic applications (such as drug delivery nanoplatforms and cancer immunotherapies, including vaccines), diagnostic potential as tumor biomarkers, ongoing EV-based clinical trials, and the challenges encountered in EV-based cancer immunotherapy.
Authors
- Sahar Khosravi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8339-3118)
- Piao Yang
- Hamed Manoochehri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-1857)
- Hanie Mahaki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-9966)
- Hamid Tanzadehpanah (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1711-5619)
- Anita Silas La’ah
- Ali Babaeizad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5406-4526)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-4292)
- Fariba Nikravesh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-8068)
- Mohadeseh Rostamipoor
- Mahdiyeh Abbaspoor
Institutions
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (TW)
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (IR)
- Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Columbus College of Art and Design (US)
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica (TW)
- Semnan University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Bushehr University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Qom University of Medical Science and Health Services (IR)
- Persian Gulf University (IR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Published
- 2025-05-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2025.101065
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.61