Evaluation of Laser Structuring in Hard Turning Process of Martensitic Steel

The hard turning process presents significant challenges compared to conventional turning techniques, particularly in terms of controlling machining forces and dimensional accuracy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of laser structuring in enhancing the hard turning process of martensite steel. A CBN insert with two distinct approach angles and cutting depths was employed. The research involved the measurement of forces generated during the machining process, together with an analysis of chip formation kinematics. The results demonstrate that laser structuring effectively reduced machining forces so that the laser structuring reduced both tangential and feed forces, with the reduction being more significant for the approach angle κ = 50°. Additionally, the forces decreased further as the structuring density increased. Additionally, the laser structuring showed the potential to optimize surface integrity. Increasing the laser structuring density led to a significant reduction in the residual stress of the final surface. This study confirms the practical benefits of laser structuring in hard turning, particularly in improving surface quality.