Evaluation of Bioactive Potential of the Ruby Bolete Hortiboletus rubellus (Agaricomycetes): Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, and Antiproliferative Effects

This study comprehensively evaluates the antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antiproliferative and phenolic compound analyses of the mushroom species Hortiboletus rubellus. Samples were collected from oak forests in Yalova province of Turkey and extracted under appropriate laboratory conditions. Antioxidant capacity assessments were carried out using total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. The results show that H. rubellus has a significant antioxidant potential. Within the scope of enzyme inhibition analyses, the inhibition potential on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes was evaluated and it was determined that the mushroom showed promise in terms of neuroprotective and antidiabetic effects. In antiproliferative activity tests, H. rubellus was found to have dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A549 lung cancer cell line. In addition, phenolic component analyses were performed by LC-MS/MS method and it was determined that the mushroom contains phenolic components important for health such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, quercetin. The findings show that H. rubellus has the potential to be used in functional food and pharmaceutical areas.