Comparative study of the effect of water stress on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of three Aloe species

Water stress is one of the most significant abiotic constraints affecting plant growth and limiting agricultural productivity. This study aims to optimize agricultural production and promote the medicinal and cosmetic uses of Aloe plants in Morocco’s eastern region, known for its arid climate. The Aloe species (Aloe vera, Aloe arborescens and Aloe brevifolia) were exposed to water stress at 40% and 60% of their water requirements over a seven-month period. During the trial period under water deficit conditions, all three Aloe species maintained high water content and quantum yield. Aloe vera outperformed Aloe arborescens and Aloe brevifolia in terms of growth and water status. Notably, water stress at 40% enhanced the growth and physiological parameters of all three Aloe species. Regarding biochemical parameters, it was observed that the effect of water stress was significant. The tolerance of the studied Aloe species to 40% water stress, along with their ability to maintain water status, can be attributed to their succulent nature and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). These physiological and biochemical adaptations enable efficient water conservation.