Design of a 5G redcap onboard terminal for UAVs

The evolution of 5G technology has substantially enhanced the communication frameworks across various sectors, with a notable impact on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This paper presents the development and implementation of a 5G RedCap onboard terminal for UAVs, engineered to meet the demands of remote communication, energy efficiency, and operational robustness. Utilizing the Reduced Capability (RedCap) configuration of 5G, this terminal optimizes bandwidth, reduces antenna count, and simplifies modulation, making it highly suitable for the unique constraints of UAV operations. This integration not only facilitates low-power data transmission essential for UAVs but also ensures compatibility across both complex and low-altitude flight operations. The onboard terminal incorporates a dual SIM intelligent switching mechanism, a secure communication protocol, and a robust hardware setup including the NR90-HCN module which supports a wide range of 5G and legacy 4G networks. Its modular software architecture supports multiple communication protocols including RTMP, RTSP, and MQTT, crucial for seamless UAV operations in diverse scenarios such as inspection, security, and emergency response. Empirical validation conducted through extensive field tests on the DJI M30 UAV platform has demonstrated the system's capacity to maintain stable network connectivity and high-quality video transmission up to 300 meters altitude with minimal power consumption. As UAV applications continue to expand, the design of the 5G RedCap onboard terminal not only addresses current technological needs but also sets the groundwork for future advancements in UAV communications. By enhancing network reliability, reducing power demands, and supporting high-standard communications, this system paves the way for broader applications within the fast-evolving low-altitude economy. Future work will focus on refining power management strategies, enhancing network compatibility, and broadening the application spectrum, thereby pushing the boundaries of UAV technology in the 5G era.