Wearable antenna array for upper extremity sarcoma microwave hyperthermia

Current microwave hyperthermia devices generally exhibit limitations in terms of large volume, poor flexibility, and low heating precision, hindering specific treatment of upper extremity soft tissue sarcoma. To address these challenges, this paper presents a novel wearable hyperthermia antenna array applicator operating at 2.45 GHz. The array element utilizes a multilayer ring-loaded dielectric-filled circular waveguide (MLRD - CW) structure, achieving antenna miniaturization through dielectric filling and periodic loading, featuring a single antenna element cross-section of only 32 mm, with a reflection coefficient (S11) of -12.35 dB at 2.45 GHz and a bandwidth of 140 MHz. HFSS electromagnetic simulation demonstrates that the designed antenna achieves stable electric field transmission characteristics in human tissue, exhibiting excellent electric field distribution and SAR field penetration performance. An 8-element circular array configuration is implemented, maintaining stable S11 when deployed on the human arm with inter-element coupling below -35 dB, enabling precise targeted hyperthermia for upper extremity soft tissue sarcoma. COMSOL multi-physics coupling simulation validates effective targeted heating at four different positions, achieving target region temperatures above 45 °C within 10 minutes while ensuring treatment safety and stability.