Investigation of the effects of different denture base fabrication techniques and hard relining resin materials on the fixation of immediate provisional hybrid prosthesis to titanium cylinders

Denture base fabrication techniques and relining resin types had significant effects on the push-out force. Conventional heat-polymerization technique provided the most consistent performance, whereas milling and 3D printing required careful selection of relining materials. These results can inform clinical decisions to improve IPHP durability and reduce complications.