Photocatalytic transformation of organic pollutants and remediation strategies of carbon emissions and nitrogen fixation in inland water

Photocatalysis is an environmentally friendly approach and a propitious avenue for addressing water contamination including toxic chemicals, radioactive materials, and nitrate fertilizer. In the past few years, urbanization and industrialization have affected the water quality, causing various environmental hazards. Inland water ecosystems such as lakes, rivers and wetland not only play a vital role in maintaining biodiversity but also provide important sources of GHGs emissions. Despite their significance, the emission from inland water is poorly quantified. This review systematically reveals the sources of carbon and nitrogen emissions, the efficiency and mechanisms of various photocatalysts in degrading a range of organic pollutants, highlighting their potential to reduce environmental toxins significantly. The state-of-the-art and innovative remediation strategies targeting carbon emissions and N 2 fixation have been thoroughly discussed. By consolidating photocatalytic processes with carbon sequestration and N 2 fixation, the review develops a holistic approach to alleviating water quality and mitigating climate change impacts. Finally, the findings concluded with the role of advanced photocatalytic materials and proffering perspectives in promoting sustainable environmental management and ecological health in inland aquatic systems. • Sources of inland water pollution, greenhouse gases, global warming. • Factors affecting global climatic changes. • Classifications of photocatalysts and their functionalities in environmental remediation. • Photocatalytic strategies and mechanistic pathway for CO 2 reduction and N 2 fixation. • Factors affecting photocatalyst effectiveness.