Design and Analysis of Highly Directive Patch Antennas for CAS using Passive Radars at 5G Frequencies

Passive radar (PR) systems present a discreet method for detecting objects by utilizing existing radio frequency (RF) signals in the surrounding environment. However, effectively isolating faint target echoes amidst strong, continuous interference requires highly directional antennas with exceptional gain. This work presents an innovative design of high-performance microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) specifically tailored for passive radar applications. The design focuses on achieving high directivity and gains for narrowband (sub-6 GHz) operations. The narrowband antenna is designed to address Forward Collision Warning (FCW) and Backward Collision Warning (BCW) for collision avoidance system (CAS) within the 5G FR1 6 GHz band. Its superior directivity enables precise targeting of the desired area, thereby enhancing object detection in critical situations. Its broader bandwidth ensures reliable performance in dynamic environments. The proposed antenna, featuring beamwidth control, optimized gain, and seamless integration, represents the fusion of cutting-edge technology and engineering expertise to tackle current challenges in vehicle safety and autonomous driving.