Whispers in the Snow: Exploring LoRa Technology for Avalanche Search and Rescue Scenarios

This contribution outlines an experimental setup and methodology employed to extensively characterize LoRa propagation in the demanding scenario of avalanche search and rescue (SaR), where the transmitter is buried under snow. The considered scenario presents challenges, including the absence of line-of-sight between the transmitter and receiver, as well as signal attenuation due to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and snow conditions. We analyze the variations in Received Signal Strength (RSS) and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) with increasing distance between the transmitter and receiver. Our data collection campaign completely characterizes, for the first time, the snow type during wireless communication tests. Finally, we test the maximum distance at which the LoRa signal can be received from the buried transmitter, demonstrating the technology's potential in challenging environments.