Operational Three-Mode (3M) Algorithm for a Bi-Directional PEV Charger in G2V, V2H, and V2G Applications

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely recognized as one of the most effective strategies for reducing oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, establishing them as a key option for the future of road transportation. The widespread adoption of EVs is expected to have a profound societal impact, influencing various aspects of human life. A key advantage of EVs is their battery module, which offers a higher capacity compared to other devices. This high-capacity battery can also function as an energy storage system (ESS) for homes when connected to a charger. This paper presents the operational modes of a single-phase bi-directional plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charger designed for G2V/V2H/V2G applications. The proposed system employs a bi-directional converter to facilitate two-way power flow between the home and the vehicle. The topology includes two stages: 1) a synchronous DC-DC converter and 2) a full-bridge AC-DC converter. The system operates in three modes: battery charging, energy backup, and grid-connected modes. Designed for a 7.7 kVA single-phase onboard charger, the system's feasibility is verified through simulations.