Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Frequency Mode for Capacitance-to-Voltage Conversion

Capacitance-to-voltage conversion is essential for capacitive sensors in various industries, including touch interfaces, medical devices, and moisture measurement. However, circuit design faces challenges like non-linearity, noise, and small capacitance variations affecting voltage signals. This article proposes a phase-locked loop in free-running oscillator mode with a frequency-to-voltage converter to enhance accuracy and stability. Test results show a 97.9% measurement accuracy, demonstrating reduced noise and improved stability. The proposed circuit is ideal for high-precision applications in diverse environments, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.