Challenges and Opportunities of Dhapa landfill Site situated near a community-managed Ramsar site, East Kolkata

The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) scenario of Kolkata, which is in dire need of attention, reform and remediation, mainly revolves around the Dhapa landfill site. Initial results from the decadal (1989-2019) Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) analysis, carried out using Landsat imageries, highlight the increasing pressure on the landfill site. Dhapa landfill site has also increased over the years due to the gradual expansion of the urban area of Kolkata. LULCC highlights the stark decrease in vegetation from 51% (1989) to $\mathbf{2 0. 3} \%$ (2019), majorly due to the increase in built-up area from 37% (1989) to 68.6% (2019) of the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) area. Increasing population ultimately translates to increased pressure on the landfill site, leading to the unsustainable management of MSW. The SWOT analysis helps to identify the current socio-environmental status and potential remedies that can be applied to the landfill site, keeping in mind the sustainability approach.