Monitoring Rapid Land Subsidence in Chandigarh District in North Indian Region Using MT-InSAR Technique

The research is focused on investigating the over-extraction of groundwater-induced rapid aquifer compaction in Chandigarh City of North India. We generated a vertical land motion map by processing 175 and 170 scenes of ascending and descending passes of Sentinel-1 SAR sensor data of the European Space Agency (ESA) covering the study area from 2016 to 2022, respectively. The MT-InSAR processing was carried out for each data stack using an open-source GMTSAR program following Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique for deformation monitoring. The results depict about $12 \mathrm{~cm} / \mathrm{yr}$ of fast land subsidence observed in the southern part of Chandigarh City. The negative decline of head level over the city is observed about 10 meters below ground level (mbgl) from 2002 to 2022. This investigation will provide important information concerning the region’s possible groundwater depletion zone and potential geohazards of damage to the infrastructures.