Evaluation of Hydrogen Refueling Stations for Intercity Rail Transport on Major Railway Routes in Thailand

This study evaluates the optimal hydrogen refueling station locations along Thailand’s main railway routes. Several types of fuel cells were considered as alternatives, with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) being identified as a potential replacement for combustion engines for intercity rail transport. The thermodynamics of the fuel cell chemical reactions and hydrogen utilization were analyzed, along with an assessment of hydrogen storage using a Type IV composite tank (350-700 bar). The General Electric CM22-7i/GEA locomotives, equipped with two Cummins KTA-50L diesel-electric engines, were used as references for hydrogen fuel cell replacement. The evaluation results of the four major railway routes indicate that the Northern and Southern routes require the most refueling infrastructure due to their length and terrain, while the Eastern line, with its shorter distance and frequent stops, is identified as the most suitable candidate for early adoption of hydrogen-powered trains. This research supports Thailand’s environmental goals and global sustainability initiatives in the transportation sector.