Design and Analysis of Dual Band Hexagonal Shaped Graphene Antenna for Terahertz Applications

In this article a graphene based dual band graphene antenna for THz communication is presented. The requirement for fast communication has made it possible to construct THz antennas with high data rates, speeds, and frequencies. However, the scarcity of suitable antenna systems operating in the terahertz band poses a significant challenge to the realization of practical terahertz devices. This proposed antenna uses a microstrip patch based on a 40 × 40 μm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> polyimide substrate (ϵ<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</inf> = 3.5) and copper on the ground layer (thickness = 0.035 μm), with the conducting parts and feedline made up of graphene in the form of a square patch with a hexagonal ring at the centre and four circular rings on corners. With this design, the maximum gain of 6.81 dB is attained. The antenna design is optimized using structural parametric design. Parametric optimization is also used to optimize the proposed antenna by adjusting various geometrical factors. The optimized design of the radiating patch has a 30 × 25 μm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> outer square ring, 10 μm substrate thickness. The dual wideband response of the presented antenna makes it optimal to use in high-speed communication systems.