Maximizing Photovoltaic Efficiency in Zn₂P₃/(FA)₂BiCuI₆/WO₃ Perovskite Cells Through Donor-Acceptor Density Study

In this work, analysis of the influence of various donor density (N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf>) and acceptor density (N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf>) on essential photovoltaic parameters of the Zn<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>P<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>/(FA)<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>BiCuI<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf>/WO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> perovskite solar cell including open circuit voltage (V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf>), short circuit current density (J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf>), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE), this study attempts to maximize perovskite solar cells. It expose the optimal parameters for successful operation by showing the dependency of N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf> and N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> on solar activity of the solar system using simulation approach. PCE is greater than 23.23% when N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf> and N<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</inf> are in the maximum, so this density measurement helps to lower the performance loss resulting from connection or charging load. These findings support Sustainable Development, which seeks to provide people with reasonably priced, dependable, sustainable, contemporary energy. Through optimal doping level, this study helps increase the performance of perovskite solar cells, a possible technique to boost renewable energy climate action and therefore lower the world's reliance on electronic equipment. Furthermore, the information acquired from this study may assist business, innovation and architecture by helping the creation of more energy-efficient contemporary technology. At last, the findings of this research show a step towards improved energy efficiency solutions in accordance with world attempts to lower climate change, support clean technologies and raise efficiency other parameters are achieved with V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf>:- 1.02V, J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf> :- 26.08 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>and FF :- 86.44 % .