Active Integrated Antenna for the Power Density Measurement of Millimeter Wave Base Station

An active integrated antenna system is designed to measure the power density in millimeter waves. By using a resistor-loaded rectangular loop antenna design, the power density can be measured without knowing the magnitude and phase of electric and magnetic fields. The array-structured antenna system can measure the spatial average power density for in-situ RF exposure assessments. The rectangular loop antenna on the single element has the size of 5.1 mm <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\times 1.9$</tex> mm (about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda/2\times\lambda/5$</tex> for 28 GHz). The performance of the proposed antenna system is demonstrated in the in-situ environment with an indoor millimeter wave base station.