Enhancing Solar Energy Conversion in (BEA)FA₂Sn₃I₁₀- Perovskite Solar Cells: A Study of Thickness and Acceptor Density Optimization

Perovskite materials are suffering from stability as well as PV performance issue. In this regard, several PVK materials have been explored by the various researchers. To overcome above issues, in this study, (BEA)FA<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>Sn<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>I<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> have been explored due to its PV characteristics. (BEA)FA<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>Sn<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>I<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> is utilized as active layer in the designing of the PEDOT:PSS/ (BEA)FA<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>Sn<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>I<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> / PCBM : C<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</inf> (BEA-solar cell). All the simulations and calculations have been done through the SCAPS- 1d software. The optimization of the cell is carried out through the variation in the thickness and accepter density of the absorber layer to achieve the better PV performance. The champion cell deliver the optimum PV parameters like: V<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</inf>- , J<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</inf>, FF and PCE. The maximum PCE is found to be 20.6% at condition of maximum thickness and NA, establishing the fact that the efficiency of the solar cell depends strongly on thickness as well as NA. Those conclusions are only fruitful toward optimizing BEA-PSCs for increased efficiency in semiconductor applications, where the careful adjustment of material parameters and optimization at the interface is underscored to mitigate the recombination losses and improve charge collection efficiency. This work will provide the better understanding while we are fabricating the PVK based solar cell in the laboratory and helpful for the development of affordable energy and industries & infrastructures.