(3 + 1)-D Nonplanar Solitary Structures Associated With High-Frequency Electron-Acoustic Waves

A theoretical investigation has been carried out to study the propagation properties of high-frequency cylindrical electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in a three-component unmagnetized plasma system (comprising inertial cold electrons, inertialess hot electrons, and immobile ions). The plasma nonthermality (also called superthermality) is taken into account via the nonthermal (or superthermal/suprathermal) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $</tex-math> </inline-formula>-type Lorentzian distribution function. The reductive perturbation technique is adopted to derive the (<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3+1$</tex-math> </inline-formula>)-D cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (cKPE) and the solution of the cKPE is used to analyze the basic properties of high-frequency electrostatic EASWs in the considered plasma. The temperature effect of cold electrons has also been taken into account. It is found that the basic features of high-frequency cylindrical EASWs are significantly modified due to the variation of plasma parameters, such as plasma nonthermality index, number density of cold-to-hot electrons, and nonplanar geometry. The propagation nature of high-frequency EASWs has also been found to be modified due to the variation of cold electron temperature. The time evolution of electron-acoustic solitary potential with radial, azimuthal, and axial coordinates is studied numerically. We have also derived Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) as well as Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations to analyze the propagation properties of EASWs. The present study may be useful for better information about the propagation properties of high-frequency localized structures in different plasma medium (e.g., Saturn ring, space plasma, and experimental plasma), where two temperature electrons are available.