The impact of the absence of the Federal Council on the quality of federal legislation and the rights of the regions

This research addresses the legal impact of the absence of the Federal Council in the federal legislative authority in Iraq on the representation of regions, focusing on the repercussions of this absence on the effectiveness of legislation and its consistency with the needs of regions. The research highlights the weak representation of regions in legislative decision-making, which leads to the issuance of laws that reflect the interests of the central authority more than the interests of the regions. One of the most prominent negative effects of this absence is the impact on the quality of legislation, as the circumstances and special needs of the regions are not taken into account, which contributes to the issuance of unbalanced and ineffective laws at the local level. The absence of the Federal Council also leads to a lack of oversight of legislation, which reduces its effectiveness and increases the likelihood of its conflict with the interests of the regions. In addition, the absence of regional representation contributes to political and economic tensions between the central government and the regions, and enhances the state of political marginalization of the regions. In light of these findings, the study recommends the establishment of a Federal Council in Iraq, similar to successful legal experiences in countries such as India and Germany. This council will enable regions to participate effectively in legislation and oversight, ensure a legal balance between the central authority and the regions, and enhance the protection of the regions’ rights in the federal system. Keywords: decision-making, quality of legislation, Federal Council, region, balance, rights, weakness, oversight