Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Systemic Health of an Individual

Periodontal disease (PD), one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases that affect dental health, impacts the gingiva, periodontal ligaments, alveolar bones, and almost all the structures that support the teeth. Recent studies also indicate a close relationship between PD and overall systemic health, demonstrating that PD has both local as well as systemic implications. This review article mainly delves into the bidirectional link between periodontal illness and many systemic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and respiratory conditions. The article also provides an overview of recent literature, contrasts different views, delineates several challenges in diagnosis and treatment, highlights important gaps in information within the discourse, and offers potential trajectories for comprehensive interdisciplinary efforts going forward.