GNSS temporal point positioning-based coseismic displacement retrieval with BDS short-message communication service

Abstract Advancements in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology have expanded high-rate applications for precise coseismic displacement retrieval, with the temporal point positioning (TPP) method being crucial. TPP relies on temporal-differenced carrier phase measurements, minimizing drift in displacement estimates. However, it requires precise orbit and clock corrections. Beginning from 2013, a cost-free real-time service (RTS) has been provided by the International GNSS Service (IGS) via internet. The RTS-provided satellite orbit and clock corrections enable users to perform TPP-based coseismic displacement retrieval. But earthquake events may disrupt infrastructure to affect RTS correction transmission. The short-message communication feature of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS SMC) offers a cost-effective and reliable alternative leverage for remote areas, facilitating the broadcast of corrections to support TPP method. In this contribution, we proposed a TPP-based GNSS coseismic displacement retrieval method with BDS SMC service. For each satellite, RTS-provided satellite orbit and clock corrections are transformed to range corrections that correspond to the user’s coordinates. These corrections are modeled using a first-degree polynomial within a BDS SMC transmission interval and disseminated via BDS SMC. A comprehensive encoding strategy and a data-processing procedure for TPP-based coseismic displacement retrieval with BDS SMC service are developed. The method is validated through an IGS stationary experiment and retrospective examination of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake. It demonstrated horizontal and vertical displacement retrieval accuracies of 0.66 cm and 1.09 cm for the IGS test, and 1.22 cm and 1.99 cm for the earthquake event, comparable to TPP with IGS RTS performance.