Exploring the Novel Potential of Newly Discovered Thermophile Metallosphaera sedula: Insights into DNA Polymerase IV and Adenylyl Cyclase; Breakthroughs in Biotechnology and Industrial Innovation

Background: In this study, we conducted comprehensive genomic and proteomic analyses to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed physiological responses, employing advanced sequencing and bioinformatics tools. Thermophilic archaea are a rich source of stable enzymes (extremozymes) that can function at extreme temperatures and pH levels. Metallosphaera sedula is a recently discovered thermophilic archaeon with significant potential in biotechnology and industrial applications due to its unique metabolic pathways and enzymatic machinery. Objective: To explore the biotechnological and industrial applications of M. sedula, focusing on its enzymes, DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, and their roles in biomining, carbon fixation, and bioleaching. Methods: Genomic and proteomic analyses were conducted to characterize the enzymes of M. sedula. Structural predictions were made using tools like AlphaFold and SABLE. Physiochemical properties were assessed using Expasy ProtParam. Sequence alignments were performed using BLASTp against patented, metagenomic, and Protein Data Bank sequences. Results: M. sedula stabilizes at severe temperatures (75°C) and acidic conditions (pH 2.0–4.5), using a unique carbon fixation process. Key enzymes, DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, were featured by their unique structures and functions, with molecular weights of 39,194.59 Da and 20,993.03 Da, respectively. Their sequence similarities put forward the potential for industrial uses. Conclusion: M. sedula presents an optimistic course of action for biotechnological revolutions, specifically in biomining and carbon fixation. Its enzymes, such as DNA polymerase IV and adenylyl cyclase, offer powerful activity under severe environments, making them appropriate for industrial processes like biofuel synthesis and metal extraction.