Understanding institutional dimensions in high-impact female entrepreneurship

Abstract Female entrepreneurs remain a minority, particularly in high-tech and high-impact ventures. Given their role in job creation and economic growth, understanding the institutional environment shaping their entrepreneurial journey is crucial. This paper addresses the research question: How do institutional dimensions (regulative , normative , and cultural-cognitive) influence high-impact female entrepreneurship? We identify the most relevant institutions and explore how different stakeholders can support them. Methodologically, we employ a mixed-methods approach, combining moderated mediation and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our findings show that institutional dimensions significantly shape high-impact female entrepreneurship across different contexts. Specifically, from fsQCA, we found that the interactions among regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive dimensions are necessary conditions for employment and high-tech outcomes. Based on these findings, we offer practical insights for governments and policymakers, highlighting the need for targeted policy initiatives that align with female entrepreneurs’ challenges. Specifically, some recommendations include agile regulations for high-impact sectors, venture capital programs for women, and educational programs that promote women’s participation in science, technology, and engineering. We also emphasize the importance of supportive normative environments, where family funding becomes crucial as female entrepreneurs demonstrate success. By addressing these institutional dimensions collectively, our study suggests a holistic approach can enhance employment and strengthen women’s role in innovative entrepreneurship.