Modern Iranian Zoroastrian Identity in Transition: Identity Strategies and Directions of Change

Abstract The article discusses the transformation of modern Zoroastrian collective identity in the diaspora in comparison with Iran. It has been inspired by Eisenstadt’s reflection on modern collective identities and is based on qualitative research in California, compared with the findings from Tehran. In contrast with shrinking traditional Zoroastrian communities, demographic growth has been observed in North America, primarily in the United States. The American environment, which is very different from the legal marginalization of minorities in Iran, contributes to greater openness, blurs ethnic boundaries, and accepts conversion. However, this poses new challenges, including the fear of US-born Zoroastrians losing links to their heritage and their lack of recognition in the surrounding society.