The potential of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich extracts against human papillomavirus infections and associated cancers

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prevalent sexually transmitted infection worldwide, that can affect the skin, genital area, and throat. HPV can lead to various cancers, including cervical and anogenital cancers. Although HPV vaccination is a preventive measure, its availability remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, leading to increased demand for alternative preventive and therapeutic options. Recent research has highlighted the potential of dietary polyphenols to reduce HPV infections and related malignancies. Polyphenolic-rich foods may inhibit cancer cell proliferation through mechanisms such as stimulating immune responses, reducing DNA synthesis, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. This study reviews the therapeutic properties of polyphenols and their mechanisms in preventing HPV infection and related cancers. Future studies should focus on the clinical application of polyphenols in diverse populations and their efficacy as complementary treatments for HPV-related malignancies. • Functional foods rich in polyphenols offer promising strategies for supporting antiviral defense and cancer prevention. • Polyphenols from functional foods exhibit broad antiviral and anticancer activities. • Bioactive molecules like quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol contribute to the prevention of virus-associated cancers, including HPV-related cancers. • Polyphenolic compounds promote apoptosis, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance DNA repair mechanisms.