Antibacterial Efficacy of Bagras (Eucalyptus Deglupta Blume) and Makopa (Syzygium Samarangense [Blume] Merr. & L.M. Perry) Leaf Ethanolic Extract Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

The fluctuating spread of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has rendered the development of alternative treatments against the global threat a necessity. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extracts of bagras (Eucalyptus deglupta Blume) and makopa (Syzygium samarangense [Blume] Merr. & L.M. Perry) leaves against P. aeruginosa. This study utilized a true experimental posttest-only design using the surface application method to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the ethanolic leaf extracts against the bacteria. After 24 hours of incubation at 37°C, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured and analyzed to determine antibacterial activity. Findings show that bagras extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity, with 21–31mm ZOI. In contrast, makopa extract was ineffective, with no ZOI observed; however, its combination with bagras showed enhanced efficacy, ranging from 25–34mm ZOI, suggesting a synergistic effect. Compared to Tobramycin, a commercial antibiotic, both bagras alone and in combination with makopa demonstrated significant differences in antibacterial activity, highlighting their potential as natural antibacterial agents. These findings serve as valuable reference for the Department of Health and the Department of Science and Technology in constructing strategies to combat the spread of P. aeruginosa. Likewise, it also provides insights into the antibacterial potential of bagras and makopa, providing a framework for pharmacologists and medical professionals in developing potent herbal treatments against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Additionally, it encourages further research into the phytochemical properties and synergistic effects of these plants, contributing to advancements in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and global health.