Transferring synchromodal principles to forest biomass supply: A holistic approach to supply chain design

Forest biomass supply chains face persistent challenges due to their complexity, fragmentation, and sensitivity to spatial and temporal variability. Traditional supply chain planning methods often lack the flexibility and integrative capacity required to manage these systems efficiently. This conceptual study introduces a holistic planning framework, synchromodality from a supply chain perspective (SSCP)—adapted from recent advancements in the logistics sector, to address the unique characteristics of forest biomass handling. The SSCP framework integrates transportation, production, and inventory decisions, allowing for synchronized, real-time responses to dynamic conditions. This study explores how the SSCP model can be transferred and applied to forest biomass supply chains, highlighting its potential to improve flexibility, coordination, and system-wide efficiency. The findings emphasize the importance of digital infrastructure, stakeholder collaboration, and real-time data availability for implementation. While the framework is conceptual, it provides actionable insights for supply chain managers and policymakers seeking to enhance resilience and responsiveness in biomass logistics. Limitations include the current lack of empirical validation and the need for advanced algorithmic support for decision-making under uncertainty. Future research should focus on practical testing of the model and the development of ICT-supported coordination platforms tailored to the forest sector.