Phase-Controlled Metasurface Design for Full-Stokes Polarization Detector Driven by SPPN

Full-Stokes real-time detection, an important polarization detection method, can capture the polarization, spectrum, and intensity information on vector light field simultaneously and improve the ability to accurately identify complex targets significantly. However, in existing systems, the components required for obtaining full-Stokes polarization and circular polarization are often difficult to integrate, relying on multiple parameter adjustments, resulting in time-consuming and heavily dependent on computational resources. In this article, we combine a phase-controlled metasurface with a two-dimensional material detector to design a multidimensional detector with wavelength and full-Stokes polarization selection characteristics. We proposed a spectral phase prediction network based on a convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit, which effectively addressed the time-consuming and labor-intensive problem of searching for appropriate phase-corresponding structures in phase-regulated metasurface design. This innovation can reduce the design time by a factor of 106. The experimental results show that the circular dichroism of the design achieves 0.8 at the design wavelength, with transmission over 87%. According to the characteristics, the spectra can be improved by combining the designed device with the Fabry–Pérot cavity. Finally, we combined van der Waals materials with the metasurface to achieve a highly integrated full-Stokes polarization spectroscopic photodetector and circular polarization imaging. This study provides a reliable technological approach for the development of next-generation spatial sensing technology and holds promise for future high-dimensional sensing devices to achieve multidimensional detection and recognition of targets.