Research on Biomass and Biochar of Reed (Phragmites australis) in U Minh Thuong National Park, Vietnam

Aims: Reed (Phragmites australis) is a plant species with a seasonal reproductive cycle; it has a very high biomass in U Minh Thuong National Park, in Vietnam. This study aims to evaluate fresh and dry biomass of the reed and the production of biochar from the plants. The biochar is then used as a bio-organic fertilizer for watermelon cultivation in agriculture. Methods: To achieve these objectives the following experiments were conducted (1) investtigating the fresh and dry biomass of reeds producing biochar using local methods; (2) adsorption with pig urine and chemical fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potash) to examine the uptake of chemical components into the water environment; (3) mixing biochar with inorganic mineral fertilizers and peat to creat inorganic fertilizer – biochar formulas, followed by an analysis of the chemical compositions of the mixtures; (4) using various biochar-based fertilizers to grow watermelon with local varieties. Results: The results show that reeds produce very high for biomass biochar fertilizer production. Reed biochar can adsorb components of pig urine, such as ammonium, nitrate, nitrogen and phosphorus along with inorganic substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potash. Therefore this study proposes the use of this biochar for watermelon cultivation and environment treatment in polluted regions. Conclusions: Biomass and biochar of reed are very high. The biochar can adsorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Additionally, biochar can be mixed with peat and inorganic mineral fertilizers for to watermelon cultivation in Mekong Delta. Implications of the research: Forest fires in U Minh Thuong National Park, caused by reed vegetation, occur annually and result in damage to property and human livelihoods. This research not only exploits renewable raw materials but also helps control the risk of forest fires. Originality/Valeu: This study aims to provide methods for controlling forest fires by producing biochar of from reed (Phragmites australis) U Minh Thuong National Park Vietnam. This species thrives and produces a large biomass during the rainy season, supllying dry material that contributes to the intensity of forest fires in the dry season in Vietnam.