GC-MS Analysis, Anxiolytic and Anti-Epileptogenic Effects of Combretum nigricans Leaf Extract in Laboratory Animals

Background: Disorders that interfere with the structural architecture and/or functional integrity of the central nervous system are generally described as central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Among the different types of CNS disorders are anxiety and seizure. Though a number of drug classes are currently available for the management of anxiety and epilepsy, different adverse effects and tolerance characterize the use of most of these agents especially after prolonged usage. This thus necessitates research aimed at developing newer agents with fewer adverse effects. Aim/objective: This study aims to evaluate the anxiolytic and anti-epileptogenic activities of <img src=image/17338274_01.gif>. nigricans leaf extract using acknowledged mice models. Materials and method: In the study, identification of bioactive constituents present in CNEE was carried-out using GC-MS analysis. Anxiolytic effect was evaluated using open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM) and light/dark box (LDB) models. Anti-epileptogenic effect was assessed using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure, while effect on motor co-ordination was assessed using a rotarod apparatus. All pharmacological assessment was carried-out in mice with graded CNEE doses of 200 to 800 mg/kg. Result: Chromatographic analysis of CNEE using GC-MS shows the presence of 34 constituents including phytol. In the three models used to evaluate the anxiolytic effect, CNEE had a significant (<img src=image/17338274_01.gif><0.001) effect at 200 mg/kg. The extract increased time spent in light compartment in LDB model, increased time spent in open arm in EPM model and also increased the number of center square transverse in the OFT model. In PTZ-induced seizure, it delayed onset of seizure and also increased survival time. The extract did not however affect motor coordination in rotarod test. Conclusion: The study outcome revealed that <img src=image/17338274_01.gif>. nigricans leaf ethanolic extract has the potential for eliciting potent anxiolytic and anti-epileptogenic effects as shown in the animal models used for the study.