The Impact of Physical Activity on the Adaptation Processes in the Body of Adolescent Futsal Athletes

Problem statement: Athletes' intense physical activity causes stress reactions, which can affect the adaptive processes in the body. These changes are accompanied by changes in the number of blood cells before and after training. The aim of the research is to study the impact of physical activity on the state of adaptive processes in the adolescent futsal athletes' bodies at the final stage of immune system formation. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among futsal boys aged 13-14 years. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 15 adolescent futsal players, with average age of 13.53±0.08 years. The control group (CG) included 15 adolescents who did not play futsal, with an average age of 13.60±0.08 years. All adolescents (n=30) were at the final stage of immune system formation. Adaptive processes were determined by the value of the Adaptation Index. Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out by determining the mean values and errors (M±m). The reliability of the data in the sample was calculated using the Student's t-test, and the difference was considered significant at p<0.05. Results: The adolescent futsal players showed a tendency to slightly increase the absolute and relative number of granulocyte leukocytes (P>0.05) and an increase in the number of eosinophilic granulocytes - by 50.00% (P>0.05) compared to the control. A tendency was found to decrease monocytes and lymphocytes, namely their absolute and relative number compared to the control. The index of adaptation was 66,67±14,91% in the zone of calm activation, but it was lower than in CG 86.67±9.43% (P>0,05); in the zone of training, it was higher, 33.38±21.08%, than in CG 13.38±2.40% (P>0,05). Conclusions: Intense physical activity leads to minor stress reactions in adolescent futsal players. The obtained results showed that intensive physical activity of adolescent futsal players leads to a slight tendency to reduce the level of adaptation processes in the body by 10% after physical activity. It is recommended to use the adaptation index in medical practice to monitor the body's protective reactions in athletes.