Production of Potential Enzymes from Endophytic Bacteria Are Sustainable Alternative for Pharma Industries

Endophytic microbes harbored by medicinal plants cooperatively synthesize significant pharmaceutical metabolites in their host plant. The study is aimed to delve into bacterial endophytes of Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava, Cassia occidentalis, Calotropis procera, and Hibiscus roasa-sinensa, by identifying the important industrial enzymes they produce. Surface sterilization was achieved using ethanol, sodium hypochlorite and mercuric chloride as decontaminants. The isolates were identified based on the physiological and biochemical features they express. Then, various screening methods like Carboxymethyl cellulose, tributyrin, Carboxymethyl cellulopectinse, starch, and skim milk agar were used to screen out the strains with the ability to form a halo zone surrounding the grown culture on the agar plate as amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, and pectinase enzymes producers. And finally, the qualitative assay of the screen isolates was performed according to the enzymes needed to be assayed, e.g., DNS method using starch as substrate for amylase, DNS using glucose as substrate cellulase, caseinase assay method for protease, DNS method for pectinase and titrimetric determination of the free fatty acids for lipase. 30 bacterial strains were isolated, more than 50% of the isolates have shown presence of cellulase, protease, pectinase and lipase as indicated by the halo zone and the whole isolates were expressed to be amylase producers except one. The Quantitative assay of the positive amylase and cellulase isolates detailed low activity while lipase, protease and pectinase positive isolates showed high activity. The study remarks that bacterial endophytes residing in five medicinal plants in this work are producers of essential metabolites applicable in pharmaceutics, medicine and agriculture.