ENCOURAGEMENT AS A MEANS OF FORMING POSITIVE MOTIVATION FOR LEARNING

Learning activities are aimed at achieving specific goals and objectives, so their efficiency and effectiveness are extremely important. Any activity achieves higher efficiency and quality of results if a person has a strong motivation that encourages him or her to act actively, purposefully, and with maximum efficiency. Accordingly, learning will be successful if a student is highly motivated to learn. The article analyzes scientific research on the essence of motivation for learning, identification of key motives, the optimal structure of the motivational sphere of students, sources and sustainability of learning motivation. Particular attention is paid to the role of motivation as a factor influencing the effectiveness of the educational process and its results. The directions of pedagogical influence aimed at improving students' academic achievements are considered. The structure of motivation is analyzed, which is a complex, multi-level system that includes needs, motives, interests, ideals, aspirations, attitudes, emotions, values and norms. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is to determine the essence of encouragement in the educational process and the mechanism of its influence on the formation of motivation to learn. The peculiarities of using incentives in teaching a foreign language, taking into account the age characteristics of students, are investigated. The key stages of the teacher's work on the use of various types of incentives in order to form a positive learning motivation are determined. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of recommendations for teachers, in particular young professionals, on the effective use of incentives in the educational process. The data obtained can be used for self-education of teachers, preparation of methodological activities in secondary schools, as well as in the training of future teachers in the study of the disciplines “Pedagogy”, “Fundamentals of Pedagogical Excellence” and “Foreign Language Teaching Methods”.