Unveiling the Potential of Plant-based Phytochemicals in Post-menopausal Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a silent epidemic that has become a serious health concern in recent years. It increases bone fragility, which increases the risk of fractures and is connected with high mortality and medical costs throughout the world. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an epidemic illness characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density in older women. It is a disease with several causes that are influenced by environmental, genetic, and hormonal factors. Though ovarian hormone insufficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis in PMO females, hormone replacement therapy, which is perhaps the most effective treatment, is not recommended because it increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. The other possible treatments and medications are also linked with certain side effects. Traditional folk medicine is a rich source of bio-active substances awaiting discovery and inquiry that may be employed in such patients; therefore, botanicals have recently gained more attention. Therefore, through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation elucidates the plant-derived substances that may be utilized to preserve bone health in PMO women. Furthermore, this review discusses the common name, phytochemical constituents, and various <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-vivo</i> investigations of these plants that prevented or treated the PMO in females.