CuO Nanoparticles: Tuning Properties for Energy and Optoelectronic Applications

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of synthesis parameters on the structural, optical, and catalytic properties of CuO nanoparticles, aiming to enhance their performance for applications in energy conversion, catalysis, and optoelectronics. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized through various chemical routes, and their properties were characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The findings show that synthesis conditions, including temperature, precursor concentration, and reaction time, significantly influence crystallite size, morphology, bandgap energy, and catalytic activity. Higher synthesis temperatures and longer reaction times led to improved crystallinity and reduced particle size, which in turn lowered the bandgap energy and enhanced the optical properties. Optical characterization revealed that the bandgap could be fine‐tuned by adjusting synthesis parameters, making the nanoparticles suitable for specific optoelectronic applications. Catalytic performance tests demonstrated that the CuO nanoparticles exhibited excellent activity in degrading organic pollutants, with their performance strongly dependent on synthesis conditions. This research highlights the potential of CuO nanoparticles as versatile materials, with customizable properties for use in advanced technologies. By controlling synthesis parameters, the study provides a pathway for the targeted design of CuO nanoparticles, contributing to the development of efficient and sustainable nanomaterials for future technological applications.